Buddhism probably came to the central plains of China in 2 BC, during the Western Han dynasty. From there it gradually spread throughout China. After reaching its apogee during the Sui dynasty (581–618) and the Tang dynasty (618–907) it went into decline. Over the course of its long history in China, Buddhism was naturally influenced by indigenous Chinese beliefs, especially those of Confucianism and Daoism, eventually shedding its Indian character and evolving into a distinct system complete with its own schools of thought and practice.  

Buddhism first came to central Tibet from India in the early seventh century AD. After taking on a uniquely Tibetan character over the course of centuries, it eventually spread throughout the Tibetan cultural sphere as well as Mongolia. The main features of Tibetan Buddhism are the dual practice of esoteric and exoteric teachings; an equal emphasis given to study and practice; the use of complex rituals; and a plethora of religious imagery.