探生死,究未知

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瑤族十殿道壇畫

 
作者
黃元興、黃元昌
尺寸
121 x 49 cm
年代
1846年
材質
來源
世界宗教博物館

此圖為華南地區瑤族的道教畫作,描繪人死後的經歷。圖裡面呈現過奈何橋、過十殿、過刑罰以及輪迴(或魂歸梅山)等部分,是由圖畫底部一路向上開展。從死後靈魂過奈何橋的場景開始,橋頭兩端有牛頭、馬面顧守,無罪的善男信女由持幡玉女引路,從橋上安然走過,但有罪之人便會從橋上掉落,受到毒蛇侵咬,並進入十殿審判。畫面將十殿分旁排列,正中間則是有罪受審後遭受油鍋、搗舂、刀鋸、石磨等地獄,各有鬼卒執行刑罰;最上處,有一類似官員人物的「師主」(法術祖師)坐在轉輪台前,結合了漢人的地獄觀在經過十王審判後,將會到轉輪台投胎到六道輪迴的觀念。

It is a Daoist painting of the Yao people in southern China, integrating the Yao people’s belief of master (guru) with Han people’s concept of hell. It narrates people’s experience after death and depicts the journey of passing the Neihe Bridge, Ten Temples, punishment, and reincarnation. The picture develops from the bottom to the top. It begins from the scene of Neihe Bridge passed by the dead right after death. On both sides of the bridge, ox-headed and horse-faced are guarding. The innocent people will be guided by the maiden holding a canopy, passing the bridge safely. Nevertheless, sinned people will fall down the bridge, be stung by poisonous snakes and enter the Ten Temples for trial.

審判元素

師主
Master
師主為法術祖師,為瑤族特殊的信仰文化人物。在此圖像中成為亡者的審判者。
The Master of Spells is a religious figure in the Yao culture. In this painting, the Master serves as the judge of the dead.
牛頭、馬面
Ox-Head and Horse-Face
牛頭、馬面是道教與民間信仰中陰間的神祇,形象是牛頭人身、馬頭人身,負責捉拿、帶領亡魂至地府接受審判。
Ox-Head and Horse-Face are two deities of hell in Taoism and folk religion. Their job is to catch the dead and bring them to hell for judgment.
奈何橋
Bridge of Helplessness
人間到地獄的第一道關卡橋,亡者通過後就與陽間從此離別。
The bridge links the world of the living to the world of the dead; it’s the point of no return into hell.

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